Chechnya
Chechnya is a modern Muslim society. Currently, there is a war in Chechnya with Russia. The war with Russia has been going on for centuries, almost every 50 years there have been eruptions in this region and wars last up to twenty-five years. Generations have been raised with war and political turmoil.
At the beginning of 90-ies, when "perestroika" began and freedom was proclaimed in all Soviet regions, including Checheno-Ingushetia, national-democratic movements developed. In Chechnya the people, having had the bitter experience of Stalinist deportations, formed national organizations that were aggressive in character. One of them stood for a larger autonomy, others for sovereignty and independence from Russia.
In 1991, during the Soviet-Russian confrontation, after the August events, national-separatist leaders forced an armed take-over in Grozny. The control over Chechnya was lost. A Sovereign Chechen State was declared. Since then, Chechnya has been exploited by Russian criminal and foreign criminal elements, as well as by corrupt officials. Through the territory oil and weapon smuggling has become institutionalized, financial mismanagement, kidnapping and extortion magnified and it has turned into a "free criminal zone". Russian law is no longer a force. The race for power inside Chechnya, between Dudaev and his former adherents continued going and lots of people have been leaving the republic.
In 1993 a new Russian constitution was adopted. Chechnya was accepted as a subject of the Russian Federation. However the situation evolving worsened. Dudaev's government couldn't keep control of the major part of the State. A series of terrorist acts took place in the North Caucasus, after which the perpetrators took control in Chechnya.
On December 11, 1994 Russian troops were sent to Chechnya. The government probably thought that this would be a brief, decisive operation. However, the Chechen War began. The chaos pervading the entire Caucasus could easily have spread to Russia. The Chechen leaders extended relations with international terrorist organizations and Islam extremists structures. New diversions and terrorist acts arose.
Raduev's invasions in Kizlyar and Pervomayskoe are the most rebellious of them. In January 1996 Salaman Raduev organized a takeover of a hospital in the Dagestan city of Kizlyar. After that his band of 300 men took the village of Pervomayskoe. More than 3000 people were taken as hostages, 78 soldiers, MIA members and residents perished in the struggle. In 1997 Raduev formed a band to commit "acts of revenge". On a railway station in Pyatigorsk the members of this band exploded a bomb. Thirty people were injured and 3 died.
Meanwhile negotiations became more intense, some Russian troops were drawn out of the Republic. In the summer of 1996 troops of separatists invaded Grozny.
The crisis has been ongoing and sharpened in summer-autumn of 1999. In August troops of Chechen commanders invaded Dagestan. In September apartment houses in Moscow and Volgodonsk were blown up, which indicated that the zone of terrorist activity had expanded.
The Grozny government couldn't achieve the disarmament; stop the kidnappings or the activity of the camps, where new terrorists and diversionists (not only of Chechen citizens) were trained regularly. Then a new military operation against the separatist commanders was undertaken by this part of Russia.
Russian troops kept on rooting out separatists' bands in their blockhouses and bases in Chechen villages and in the mountains. The terrorist wave from Chechnya ceased, peaceful citizens tried to live in the destroyed towns and cities, in fear of disasters, such as new invasions and unexploded bombs, exploding! The situation is far from stable and the crisis is ongoing.
Chechnya is a painful and troublesome issue in Russian politics. However, this is not only a Russian affair, the Caucasian events also affect Europe. The pervasive regional chaos, ethnic wars in Nagorno-Karabakh and between Georgia and Abkhazia, and the unrest throughout the North Caucasus worry the world society and put these events at the top of discussions. The Russian actions have been condemned, its politics called weak and brutal. Nevertheless when the problem of terrorism seriously affected the western word, after the destruction of the world Trade Center in New York and the plane crash into the Pentagon in Washington, the voices of criticism became much less critical of Russia. It has emerged that the problem of preventing such aggression is not so simple, and the ways to solve this growing problem, in a humanistic manner, are near impossible.
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